When talking about camera lenses it's helpful to use the analogy of the human eye. Eyes and cameras work in pretty much the same way, with light going through an aperture (pupil) then through a lens onto a recording surface (retina). As the pupil of the eye contracts to deal with varying light conditions the lens of a camera bends and curves in order to focus, depending on the distance of the subject.
A camera lens is basically two conjoined prisms and because prisms refract light, the rays are bent inwards to meet with each other at a focal point. The point on a vertical surface where the rays meet is the focal place which is where your film or (more likely) digital sensor is placed to capture the image formed by focusing the rays.
Again, I hope you found that interesting and, yep, the photos weren't taken by me...
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